Country: Zambia
Group: Lunda
Date Finalized: 3/20/2023
Team: Kelsey Dwyer (lead), Khulan Davassauren
Content Warning: Lethal violence, slavery, violence
Approximate Time Period: Late 1700s, 1890s
The Lunda Kingdom developed from the Luba Kingdom around 1600 (Zambia’s Traditional History, 2019). There is evidence of the Lunda experiencing lethal violence throughout their history. Estimated to be in the late 1700s, a group of Lunda people arrived in the Kaonde region of Zambia and attempted to take control of the region. The Kaonde and Lunda fought lethal battles with bows, arrows, and spears (Zambia’s Traditional History, 2020). Additionally, in the 1890s, Luvale “slaving parties”, usually led by local chiefs or their agents, carried out a series of lethal violent attacks against the Lunda people known as the Wars of Ulamba (Vail, 1991). The data on the Lunda people’s experience with lethal violence is minimal, and is rated a 1/3 for quality. There is no data on the current situation of the Lunda people and lethal violence.
Sources
- Vail, L. (1991). The creation of tribalism in Southern Africa. University of California Press.
- Zambia’s Traditional History. (2020, January 21). Kaonde. https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/kaonde
- Zambia’s Traditional History. (2019, November 15). Lunda. https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/lunda/